Often, during dialogues, I come across Christians (specially among the western far-right groups) who advocate Quran being wrong and contradictory. For example, they find Quran being wrong in understanding the "Trinity" as Quran talks of Christians worshiping Mary and Jews worshiping Uzyr, may peace and blessing of Allah be upon them, while no Christian nowadays worships Mary and no Jew worships Uzyr.
To understand the above point of view, I had to do the following research and verification. Result is presented below:
Quran is not a book of history but it is a book of guidance. Quran doesn't mention details and names of soldiers, towns, genealogies of people and their places of birth and death. It mentions stories of the past so that we can learn from it.
Quran's purpose is not to reinvent the wheel but to correct what has gone corrupted in the old and the new testaments. Quran may sound copying the previous scriptures, but it doesn't. A detailed study will show Quran fine tuning and purifying what got diluted in the older scriptures. Hence, Quran is simply the latest edition of the old scriptures and as a result could be different than the older scriptures, yet significantly similar.
Quran is telling us here that the concept of 'the son of God' is not new as before Christians, Jews also believed in Uzyr being son of God. Quran is also recording the trinity and what is beyond that.
Quran 5:116 is not saying that Mary is part of trinity. What critiques miss here, which is the intent of Quran, is that Christians are worshiping far more than the three forms of God. Whether practically, ignorantly or unconsciously, at the end Quran believes that Christians worship far more than just the three.
Christians not only worship Mary, may peace and blessing of Allah be upon her and her son, they also worship many religious figures (see 9:30) as mentioned in Quran 9:31 that says:
"They have taken their scholars and monks as lords besides Allah, and [also] the Messiah, the son of Mary. And they were not commanded except to worship one God; there is no deity except Him. Exalted is He above whatever they associate with Him."
One could say that Christians don't worship Mary or scholars and monks. Well, Quran is there to tell that being inaccurate and good well not being enough to save them from the injustice being committed. Defensive attitude towards criticism forms a blind spot that is diverting attentions from the core message to prove Quran being contradictory and wrong.
Arabia during the prophet Mohamed time had the same attitude and arguments as recorded in Quran 39:3 that says:
"Unquestionably, for Allah is the pure religion. And those who take protectors besides Him [say], "We only worship them that they may bring us nearer to Allah in position." Indeed, Allah will judge between them concerning that over which they differ. Indeed, Allah does not guide he who is a liar and [confirmed] disbeliever".
One needs to learn the concept of God and worshiping in Islam. Obviously, without grasping this concept, which happens to be the strength of Islam, it's normal to make false conclusions. It's the crystal clear and pure concept of God and worship in Islam that attracts non Muslims to Islam.
As for Quran 9:30 and Uzyr being wrongly named by Quran as the son of God, there were many Jewish scholars present in Medina during Prophet Muhammad's (peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) time. Surely if it wasn't so, he would have been challenged by them regarding it. Recall how extensively the prophet was asked about Jerusalem by Jews when he narrated to them his visit during Meraj. Or that they asked him about Zulqarnain and so on. But he was never challenged about Uzyr being son of God.
Based on the above, I concluded that arguments couldn't hold water.
